Address or Segments Register:

 Address or Segment Register:

                                                               Segment is a block of memory. Address or segment register are used to store the address of memory blocks of the instruction being executed. There are four segment register. There are CS, DS , ES and SS. The size of each register is two bytes.

 

Different segment  register are as follow; 

Data Segment (CS):        

                                        It stores base location of all executable instruction in the program. 

Data Segment (DS) :

                                        It is used with IP register to fetch instruction form memory. 

Extra Segment (ES):

                                 It is used as an the additional base location for memory variable. 

Stack Segment (SS):

                                            It contains the base location of the current program stack.

    

Stack Control Register: 

                                                  A stack is set of memory location in which data is stored and retrieved in an order. the order is called Last- In-First -Out (LIFO). The item stored at the top of stack is retrieved before the item below it. 

Stack control register are used to manage stack in computer. two special register SP and BP are used for this purpose. DI,  SI, SP& BP can be used as 2 types register or 4 bytes registers. The names of 4- bytes stack register are EDI,  ESI, ESP and EBP..

 Flag Registers:

                                    Flag register are used in indicate a particular condition. The size of flag register is one or two-bytes. Each bytes of flag register is further divided into eight bits. The data in flag register is stored in 8 distinct bits. Each bit of the flag register indicates a flag or condition. Some flag register are zero flag carry flag Parity flag Sign flag and overflow flag.

Processor Cooling: 

                                         Proper cooling for processor is very important. Excessive heat can damage a processor or cause problems. The computer provides cooling system for the processor. heat sink cooling and liquid cooling system are used to keep the processor form overheating. 

          Heat sink is composed of metal or ceramic material is attached to a processor chip. it absorbs is heat and dissipates it into the air to avoid overheating. Many heat sinks also have fans to distribute the air dissipated by the heat sink. A system unit has one or more case fans to keep the entire system cool. Some computer also use liquid cooling system. it circulates liquid through tubes in the system to carry the heat away form the processor. 

          A cooling pad can be used to further reduces the heat generated by the laptop. it connects to a USB port to power a small fan that helps keeps a good airflow under the laptop. it is normally used when the laptop is unable to sufficiently cool itself.

                                 co processors:

                         coming coon...........